Summary: This article analyzes Indonesia’s accelerated transition toward digital land administration, with a focus on the introduction of electronic Land Certificates (Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah, SHAT) and georeferenced parcel mapping as the default standard. Anchored in the 2025 Presidential Address and its annexes, the program seeks to compress service time, improve transparency and accountability through auditable digital traces, strengthen legal certainty via precise coordinates, and elevate public and investor confidence. Early outcomes indicate measurable progress: by the first semester of 2025, 579,831 parcels had been digitally certified. Yet the transition is not purely technical; it requires coordinated data governance across agencies under the national “One Map” policy and the broader Electronic-Based Government System (Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik, SPBE). Persistent challenges include cleansing legacy records, resolving inter-sectoral overlaps, bolstering information security and human-capital readiness, and addressing longstanding dispute backlogs and unregistered parcels. A pragmatic 12–24-month roadmap emphasizes standardized digital SOPs, mandatory parcel georeferencing, acceleration of large-scale basemaps (1:5,000), API-based integration with notaries (PPAT), banks, and the OSS licensing system, reinforced infrastructure with robust backups, and user literacy and assistance programs. Executed with discipline, this agenda can catalyze public-service reform, ease of doing business, and more inclusive, trusted agrarian governance.
Introduction:Land Administration in Indonesia
For decades, land administration in Indonesia has been synonymous with
paperwork, long queues, and fragmented records. The current reform agenda seeks
to overturn this legacy by migrating from paper-based processes to digitally
orchestrated services, culminating in the issuance of electronic land
certificates backed by geospatial precision. The policy intent, articulated in
the 2025 Presidential Address, is unambiguous: cut bureaucratic friction,
accelerate service delivery, and embed legal certainty in the fabric of
everyday transactions. This article translates those policy aspirations into an
analytical narrative, outlining current achievements, institutional
foundations, expected benefits, implementation challenges, and a realistic
strategy for the next two years.
Policy and Institutional Foundations
Three pillars underwrite the reform. First is a clear legal basis for electronic documents and signatures. Ministerial regulations (e.g., ATR/BPN 1/2021 and 3/2023) define the status, content, and processes of electronic land registration, while the national legal framework recognizes digital signatures as valid instruments. Second is the…
